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Protocol is the main rules governing the communication between multiple computers on a network, including the rules applicable guidelines for the ways or methods of accessing a network, physical topology, the types of cables and the speed of data transfer.Known protocols are as follows:1. Ethernet2. Local Talk3. Token Ring4. FDDI5. ATMEthernet
Ethernet protocol is by far the most widely used, the Ethernet access method called CSMA / CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection). This is a system where each computer listens to the cable network before sending anything into it. If there is no activity in a tissue or clean the computer will transmit the data, if any other transmissions on the cable, the computer willwait and will try to re-transmission if the network is clean.Sometimes, two computers can transmit at the same time, when this happens, each computer will be back and will waitrandom chance to transmit data back. This method is knownwith the coalition, and will not effect the speed of transmission on the network.The Ethernet protocol allows for linear bus, star, or tree. Data can be transmitted over twisted pair cable, coaxial, or fiber optic cable at speeds of 10 Mbps.

LocalTalk

talkLocalTalk local network which is a protocol developed by Applem Computer, Inc.. for Macintosh machines. The method used by LocalTalk is CSMA / CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance). Similar to the CSMA / CD .. LocalTalk adapters and cables

special twisted pair can be used to connect multiple computers

through serial port. Macintosh Operating System is a network connection enables peer-to-peer without the need for additional specific applications

LocalTalk protocol allows for linear bus, star, or tree model using twisted pair cables. The most glaring deficiency is the speed of transmission. Transmission speed of only 230 Kbps.

Ring Token

Token Token ringProtokol developed by IBM in mid-1980. The access methods through the passage of a token in a circle like a ring. In token ring, the computers are connected to each other like a ring. A token moves signal rotates in a circle (ring) in a network and moving from one computer to the next computer, if at a stopover in one of the computer there was data to be transmitted, the token will transport it to where it wanted addressed data, token moves on to connect to each other between each computer.Token Ring protocol requires a network model Stars using twisted pair cable or fiber optic cable. And can perform the transmission speed of 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps. Along with the development of Ethernet, Token Ring usage dwindled until now.FDDI

fddiFiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a network protocol

linking between two or more networks even at great distances

. Aksesnyayang method used by FDDI is a token model. FDDI uses two physical ring topology. Transmission process baiasanya

using a single ring, but if there is a problem is found it will automatically use the second ring. An advantage of the FDDI

is the speed by using a fiber optic cable at 100 Mbps speed.

ATM

atmATM stands for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a network protocol that transmits at speeds of 155 Mbps or more. Mentarnsmisikan ATM data into a single package where another transfer protocol on the big-small package. ATM supports various media such as videos, CD-audio, and pictures. ATM working on Star topology models, using fiber optic cable or twisted pair cables. ATMs are generally used to connect two or more LANs. He is also widely used by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to increase speed Internet access for their clients.Conclusion to the Protocol:

Protokol yang di Pakai	Kabel yang digunakan
Ethernet	Twisted Pair, Coaxial,Fiber	10 Mbps	Linear Bus, Star,Tree
Fast Ethernet	Twisted Pair, Fiber	100 Mbps	Star
LocalTalk	Twisted Pair	0.23 Mbps	Linear Bus or Star
Token Ring	Twisted Pair	4 Mbps - 16 Mbps	Star-Wired Ring
FDDI	Fiber	100 Mbps	Dual ring
ATM	Twisted Pair, Fiber	155-2488 Mbps	Linear Bus, Star,Tree

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